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Omidi, Mahmoud, Saeedi, Majid, Zahiri, Mohammad Amin, Azimi, Saeed, Mohammadian, Esmaeil, Hashemi, Seyyed Mohammad Hassan. (1404). Green Arbutin-Chitosan Nanoparticles gel as an Eco-Friendly and Promising Product for Skin Lightening: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment. , 13(1), 224-237. doi: 10.22038/nmj.2025.83053.2075
Mahmoud Omidi; Majid Saeedi; Mohammad Amin Zahiri; Saeed Azimi; Esmaeil Mohammadian; Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi. "Green Arbutin-Chitosan Nanoparticles gel as an Eco-Friendly and Promising Product for Skin Lightening: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment". , 13, 1, 1404, 224-237. doi: 10.22038/nmj.2025.83053.2075
Omidi, Mahmoud, Saeedi, Majid, Zahiri, Mohammad Amin, Azimi, Saeed, Mohammadian, Esmaeil, Hashemi, Seyyed Mohammad Hassan. (1404). 'Green Arbutin-Chitosan Nanoparticles gel as an Eco-Friendly and Promising Product for Skin Lightening: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment', , 13(1), pp. 224-237. doi: 10.22038/nmj.2025.83053.2075
Omidi, Mahmoud, Saeedi, Majid, Zahiri, Mohammad Amin, Azimi, Saeed, Mohammadian, Esmaeil, Hashemi, Seyyed Mohammad Hassan. Green Arbutin-Chitosan Nanoparticles gel as an Eco-Friendly and Promising Product for Skin Lightening: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment. , 1404; 13(1): 224-237. doi: 10.22038/nmj.2025.83053.2075

Green Arbutin-Chitosan Nanoparticles gel as an Eco-Friendly and Promising Product for Skin Lightening: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment

Nanomedicine Journal
دوره 13، شماره 1، فروردین 2026، صفحه 224-237    اصل مقاله (1.27 M)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22038/nmj.2025.83053.2075
نویسندگان
Mahmoud Omidi1، 2؛ Majid Saeedi3؛ Mohammad Amin Zahiri4؛ Saeed Azimi1، 5؛ Esmaeil Mohammadian6، 7؛ Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi* 1، 8
1Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
4Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
6Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
7Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
8Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده
Objective(s): In the present study, a cross-linking gelation method combined with ultrasound was employed to create arbutin (ARB)-incorporated chitosan (CHT) nanoparticles (NPs). This approach aims to enhance cutaneous absorption and improve anti-melanogenesis effects.
Material and Methods: Environmentally-friendly preparation of NP, monitoring NP features, checking structure, animal safety application, cellular viability, and inhibitory assessment on melanin creation were performed.
Results: The results showed that increasing the volume ratio of chitosan (CHT) to tripolyphosphate (TPP) from 10:1.25 to 10:5 resulted in a reduction of particle size from 1097.133 ± 28.655 nm to 215.666 ± 5.976 nm. Moreover, this CHT/TPP volume ratio increase from 10:1.25 to 10:5 enhanced the encapsulation efficiency, from 55.084 ± 4.283% to 97.151 ± 0.066%. Assessment of cutaneous absorption revealed that the ARB-CHT-NP gel delivered significantly more arbutin (ARB) to both the cutaneous layers (46.168 ± 3.313% or 810.094 ± 58.147 μg/cm²) and the receiver compartment (34.155 ± 2.699% or 599.314 ± 47.371 μg/cm²) compared to the ARB plain gel. In vitro cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that, in the presence of the optimal formulation, a higher percentage of cell survival was observed in the HFF cell line compared to kojic acid and ARB. Additionally, the ARB-CHT-NP gel exhibited greater cytotoxicity in the B16F10 cell line compared to the other groups. A cutaneous itching assay on Wistar rats showed no signs of sensitivity to the ARB-CHT-NP gel. Furthermore, ARB-CHT-NP inhibited melanogenesis more effectively than kojic acid and ARB. L-dopa auto-oxidation was also significantly inhibited by ARB-CHT-NP (56.971 ± 1.265%) compared to kojic acid (46.141 ± 1.169%) and ARB (41.308 ± 1.967%).
Conclusion: Based on the results, the ARB-CHT-NP could serve as a prospective nanocarrier for ARB cutaneous application. Therefore, it is recommended that its use for treating melasma be considered.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Arbutin؛ chitosan؛ nanoparticle؛ Anti-melanogenesis؛ Environmentally preparation
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