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Noroozi, Fatemeh, Asle Rousta, Masoumeh, Amini, Rahim, Sahraeian, Zeinab. (1404). Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. , 28(4), 451-460. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2025.81693.17678
Fatemeh Noroozi; Masoumeh Asle Rousta; Rahim Amini; Zeinab Sahraeian. "Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway". , 28, 4, 1404, 451-460. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2025.81693.17678
Noroozi, Fatemeh, Asle Rousta, Masoumeh, Amini, Rahim, Sahraeian, Zeinab. (1404). 'Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway', , 28(4), pp. 451-460. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2025.81693.17678
Noroozi, Fatemeh, Asle Rousta, Masoumeh, Amini, Rahim, Sahraeian, Zeinab. Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. , 1404; 28(4): 451-460. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2025.81693.17678

Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
مقاله 6، دوره 28، شماره 4، تیر 2025، صفحه 451-460    اصل مقاله (587.76 K)
نوع مقاله: Original Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22038/ijbms.2025.81693.17678
نویسندگان
Fatemeh Noroozi1؛ Masoumeh Asle Rousta* 1؛ Rahim Amini2؛ Zeinab Sahraeian3
1Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
2Department of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
3Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده
Objective(s): A monoterpene alpha-pinene possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we investigated the effect of alpha-pinene on molecular, biochemical, and histological changes induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in the liver of male Wistar rats. 
Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into four groups: Control, Pinene, CCl4, and CCl4.Pinene. Pinene and CCl4.Pinene groups were given alpha-pinene (50 mg/kg/day) through intraperitoneal (IP) injections for six consecutive weeks. CCl4 and CCl4.Pinene groups received IP injections of CCl4 (2 ml/kg twice weekly for six consecutive weeks).
Results: The results revealed that alpha-pinene inhibited enhancing liver enzyme AST (P<0.001), ALT (P<0.001), ALP (P<0.01), and GGT (P<0.001) activity in CCl4.Pinene rats. It reduced malondialdehyde (P<0.05) and nitric oxide (P<0.05) levels and increased the catalase enzyme activity (P<0.05) and glutathione levels (P<0.01) in the liver. Likewise, alpha-pinene suppressed proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression and prevented significant histological damage and collagen deposition in the liver of these animals. Also, alpha-pinene reduced the expression of TLR4 (P<0.01), NF-κB (P<0.05), PI3K (P<0.05), Akt (P<0.05), mTOR (P<0.01), TGF-β1 (P<0.01), and Smad3 (P<0.01) in the liver of rats receiving CCl4. 
Conclusion: We concluded that alpha-pinene reduced CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by lowering oxidative stress, suppressing liver inflammation, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad3, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Consequently, alpha-pinene may have potential therapeutic value in treating liver diseases.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Alpha-pinene؛ Carbon tetrachloride؛ Collagen؛ Glutathione؛ Inflammation؛ Toll-like receptor 4
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