NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury | ||
| Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 28، شماره 2، اردیبهشت 2025، صفحه 181-186 اصل مقاله (637.24 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22038/ijbms.2024.80887.17500 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mehrdad Hajinejad1؛ Ahmadreza Gharaeian Morshed2، 3؛ Abdolreza Narouiepour4؛ Maryam Izadpanahi5، 6؛ Mohammad Mahdi Taheri7؛ Mohammad hossein Sadeghian8؛ Fatemeh Forouzanfar5، 6؛ Sajad Sahab Negah* 5، 6 | ||
| 1Qaen Faculty of Medical Science, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran | ||
| 5Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 6Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 7Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 8Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Objective(s): Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of mortality and disability worldwide. TBI has been associated with factors such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, which are believed to be mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor. Two NMDA receptor antagonists, ketamine and memantine, have shown potential in mitigating the pathophysiological effects of TBI. Materials and Methods: To conduct the study, a controlled cortical impact model was used to induce TBI in rats. The rats with TBI were then divided into three groups: a group receiving only TBI, a group receiving TBI along with memantine, and a group receiving TBI along with ketamine. After 24 hr, the levels of oxidative stress markers (such as SOD, MDA, and total thiol) in the brain tissue were measured. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed seven days after TBI to assess the activation of glial cells and the TLR-4/NF-κB neuroinflammatory pathway. Results: The results indicated that treatment with memantine led to a reduction in MDA levels and an increase in SOD and total thiol levels. Memantine also decreased astrogliosis and down-regulated the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway. On the other hand, ketamine increased the levels of anti-oxidant markers but did not significantly affect the MDA level. Additionally, ketamine decreased the expression of NF-κB seven days after TBI. Conclusion: The findings suggest that NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine and memantine, may have therapeutic effects on TBI by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Ketamine؛ Memantine؛ Neuroinflammation؛ NMDA receptor antagonist؛ Oxidative stress؛ Traumatic brain injury | ||
| مراجع | ||
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