سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد

Najafi, Shahrzad, Najafi, Parizad, Kaffash Farkhad, Najmeh, Hosseini Torshizi, Ghazal, Assaran Darban, Reza, Boroumand, Amir Reza, Sahab-Negah, Sajad, Khodadoust, Mohammad Ali, Tavakol Afshari, Jalil. (1402). Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients: A comprehensive review of disease information and future perspectives. , 26(8), 872-881. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66364.14572
Shahrzad Najafi; Parizad Najafi; Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad; Ghazal Hosseini Torshizi; Reza Assaran Darban; Amir Reza Boroumand; Sajad Sahab-Negah; Mohammad Ali Khodadoust; Jalil Tavakol Afshari. "Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients: A comprehensive review of disease information and future perspectives". , 26, 8, 1402, 872-881. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66364.14572
Najafi, Shahrzad, Najafi, Parizad, Kaffash Farkhad, Najmeh, Hosseini Torshizi, Ghazal, Assaran Darban, Reza, Boroumand, Amir Reza, Sahab-Negah, Sajad, Khodadoust, Mohammad Ali, Tavakol Afshari, Jalil. (1402). 'Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients: A comprehensive review of disease information and future perspectives', , 26(8), pp. 872-881. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66364.14572
Najafi, Shahrzad, Najafi, Parizad, Kaffash Farkhad, Najmeh, Hosseini Torshizi, Ghazal, Assaran Darban, Reza, Boroumand, Amir Reza, Sahab-Negah, Sajad, Khodadoust, Mohammad Ali, Tavakol Afshari, Jalil. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients: A comprehensive review of disease information and future perspectives. , 1402; 26(8): 872-881. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66364.14572

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients: A comprehensive review of disease information and future perspectives

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
مقاله 3، دوره 26، شماره 8، آبان 2023، صفحه 872-881    اصل مقاله (1.52 M)
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66364.14572
نویسندگان
Shahrzad Najafi1؛ Parizad Najafi2؛ Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad3؛ Ghazal Hosseini Torshizi2؛ Reza Assaran Darban1؛ Amir Reza Boroumand4؛ Sajad Sahab-Negah4، 5؛ Mohammad Ali Khodadoust3؛ Jalil Tavakol Afshari* 3
1Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, mashhad, Iran
3Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5Shefa Neuroscience Research Center,Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
چکیده
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare deadly progressive neurological disease that primarily affects the upper and lower motor neurons with an annual incidence rate of 0.6 to 3.8 per 100,000 people. Weakening and gradual atrophy of the voluntary muscles are the first signs of the disease onset affecting all aspects of patients’ lives, including eating, speaking, moving, and even breathing. Only 5-10% of patients have a familial type of the disease and show an autosomal dominant pattern, but the cause of the disease is unknown in the remaining 90% of patients (Sporadic ALS). However, in both types of disease, the patient’s survival is 2 to 5 years from the disease onset. Some clinical and molecular biomarkers, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), blood or urine test, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing are complementary methods for disease diagnosis. Unfortunately, with the exception of Riluzole, the only medically approved drug for the management of this disease, there is still no definitive cure for it. In this regard, the use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for the treatment or management of the disease has been common in preclinical and clinical studies for many years. MSCs are multipotent cells having immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and differentiation ability that makes them a good candidate for this purpose. This review article aims to discuss multiple aspects of ALS disease and focus on MSCs’ role in disease management based on performed clinical trials.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Amyotrophic lateral-sclerosis؛ Clinical trial؛ Mesenchymal stem cells؛ Motor neurons؛ Neurological disease
مراجع
1. Kiernan MC, Vucic S, Cheah BC, Turner MR, Eisen A, Hardiman O, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet 2011;377:942-955.
2. Goetz CG. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Early contributions of Jean‐Martin Charcot. Muscle Nerve 2000;23:336-343.
3. Walling A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Lou Gehrig’s disease. Am Fam Physician 1999;59:1489-1496.
4. Irwin D, Lippa CF, Swearer J. Cognition and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2007;22:300-312.
5. Masrori P, Van Damme P. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A clinical review. Eur J Neurol 2020;27:1918-1929.
6. Štětkářová I, Ehler E. Diagnostics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Up to date. Diagnostics 2021;11:231-243.
7. Galvin M, Gaffney R, Corr B, Mays I, Hardiman O. From first symptoms to diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Perspectives of an Irish informal caregiver cohort-a thematic analysis. BMJ Open 2017;7:e014985-e014992.
8. Richards D, Morren JA, Pioro EP. Time to diagnosis and factors affecting diagnostic delay in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications; 2021 Jul 25. Chapter 2.
9. Hinchcliffe M, Smith A. Riluzole: Real-world evidence supports significant extension of median survival times in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2017;7:61-70.
10. Bensimon G, Lacomblez L, Meininger V, Group ARS. A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. New Engl J Med 1994;330:585-591.
11. Group II RS, Lacomblez L, Bensimon G, Meininger V, Leigh P, Guillet P. Dose-ranging study of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet 1996;347:1425-1431.
12. Tavakol-Afshari J, Boroumand AR, Farkhad NK, Moghadam AA, Sahab-Negah S, Gorji A. Safety and efficacy of bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Regen Ther 2021;18:268-74.
13. Barczewska M, Maksymowicz S, Zdolińska-Malinowska I, Siwek T, Grudniak M. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an original study. Stem Cell Rev  Rep 2020;16:922-932.
14. Farkhad NK, Mahmoudi A, Mahdipour E. How similar are human mesenchymal stem cells derived from different origins? A review of comparative studies. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021;16:980-993.
15. Abdullah RH, Yaseen NY, Salih SM, Al-Juboory AA, Hassan A, Al-Shammari AM. Induction of mice adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into functional motor neuron-like cells. J Chem Neuroanatom 2016;77:129-142.
16. Figueroa‐Romero C, Mikhail KA, Gennings C, Curtin P, Bello GA, Botero TM, et al. Early life metal dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020;7:872-882.
17. Vance C, Rogelj B, Hortobágyi T, De Vos KJ, Nishimura AL, Sreedharan J, et al. Mutations in FUS, an RNA processing protein, cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6. Science  2009;323:1208-1211.
18. Leblond CS, Kaneb HM, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Dissection of genetic factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2014;262:91-101.
19. Renton AE, Chiò A, Traynor BJ. State of play in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics. Nat Neurosci 2014;17:17-23.
20. Yu Y, Hayashi S, Cai X, Fang C, Shi W, Tsutsui H, et al. Pu-erh tea extract induces the degradation of FET family proteins involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:254680-254692.
21. Raymond J, Oskarsson B, Mehta P, Larson T, Horton DK. Clinical Characteristics of a Large Cohort of US Patients Enrolled in the National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Registry, 2010–2015 (P4. 6-001). AAN Enterprises; 2019.
22. Zarei S, Carr K, Reiley L, Diaz K, Guerra O, Altamirano PF, et al. A comprehensive review of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Surg Neurol Int 2015;6:171-193.
23. Weisskopf M, Morozova N, O’Reilly E, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, et al. Prospective study of chemical exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2009;80:558-561.
24. Zhou H, Chen G, Chen C, Yu Y, Xu Z. Association between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012;7:e48354-e48360.
25. Morozova N, Weisskopf MG, McCullough ML, Munger KL, Calle EE, Thun MJ, et al. Diet and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Epidemiology 2008;19:324-337.
26. Beghi E, Logroscino G, Chiò A, Hardiman O, Millul A, Mitchell D, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, physical exercise, trauma and sports: Results of a population-based pilot case-control study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2010;11:289-292.
27. Bozzoni V, Pansarasa O, Diamanti L, Nosari G, Cereda C, Ceroni M. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and environmental factors. Funct Neurol 2016;31:7-19.
28. Filippini T, Tesauro M, Fiore M, Malagoli C, Consonni M, Violi F. Environmental and occupational risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A population-based case-control study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:6490-6502.
29. Brooks BR, Miller RG, Swash M, Munsat TL. El Escorial revisited: Revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 2000;1:293-299.
30. Campanari M-L, Bourefis A-R, Kabashi E. Diagnostic challenge and neuromuscular junction contribution to ALS pathogenesis. Front Neurology 2019;10:68-75.
31. Ferguson TA, Elman LB. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NeuroRehabilitation 2007;22:409-416.
32. Mills KR. Detecting fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: duration of observation required. J Neurol Neurosurg  Psychiatr 2011;82:549-551.
33. Luna J, Diagana M, Aissa LA, Tazir M, Pacha LA, Kacem I, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Africa: The TROPALS study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2019;90:20-29.
34. Vejux A, Namsi A, Nury T, Moreau T, Lizard G. Biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Current status and interest of oxysterols and phytosterols. Front Mol Neurosci 2018;11:12-24.
35. Turner MR, Bowser R, Bruijn L, Dupuis L, Ludolph A, McGrath M, et al. Mechanisms, models and biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2013;14:19-32.
36. Verber NS, Shepheard SR, Sassani M, McDonough HE, Moore SA, Alix JJ, et al. Biomarkers in motor neuron disease: A state of the art review. Front Neurol 2019;10:291-318.
37. Robelin L, Gonzalez De Aguilar JL. Blood biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: myth or reality? Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:525097-525107.
38. Chew S, Atassi N. Positron emission tomography molecular imaging biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2019;10:135-147.
39. Komiya H, Takeuchi H, Ogawa Y, Hatooka Y, Takahashi K, Katsumoto A, et al. CCR2 is localized in microglia and neurons, as well as infiltrating monocytes, in the lumbar spinal cord of ALS mice. Mol Brain 2020;13:1-4.
40. Furukawa T, Matsui N, Fujita K, Nodera H, Shimizu F, Miyamoto K, et al. CSF cytokine profile distinguishes multifocal motor neuropathy from progressive muscular atrophy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2015;2:1-11.
41. Mack CL. Serum cytokines as biomarkers of disease and clues to pathogenesis. Wiley Online Library; 2007. p. 6-8.
42. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497-506.
43. Guidotti G, Scarlata C, Brambilla L, Rossi D. Tumor necrosis factor alpha in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Friend or foe? Cells 2021;10:518-536.
44. Iłżecka J. Serum caspase-9 levels are increased in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2012;33:825-829.
45. Vu LT, Bowser R. Fluid-based biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2017;14:119-134.
46. Zhu Y, Yang M, Li F, Li M, Xu Z, Yang F, et al. Aberrant Levels of cystatin C in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review and meta analysis. Int J Biol Sci 2018;14:1041-1053.
47. Shimohama MU, Shun. The role of nitric oxide in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 2001;2:71-81.
48. Wright GS, Antonyuk SV, Hasnain SS. The biophysics of superoxide dismutase-1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Q Rev Biophys 2019;52:1-39.
49. Gouel F, Rolland A-S, Devedjian J-C, Burnouf T, Devos D. Past and future of neurotrophic growth factors therapies in ALS: From single neurotrophic growth factor to stem cells and human platelet lysates. Front Neurol 2019;10:835-845.
50. Laaksovirta H, Soinila S, Hukkanen V, Röyttä M, Soilu‐Hänninen M. Serum level of CNTF is elevated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and correlates with site of disease onset. Eur J Neurol 2008;15:355-359.
51. Simone IL, Ruggieri M, Tortelli R, Ceci E, D’Errico E, Leo A, et al. Serum N-acetylaspartate level in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2011;68:1308-1312.
52. González De Aguilar J-L. Lipid biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2019;10:284-289.
53. Sánchez-Guijo F, García-Arranz M, López-Parra M, Monedero P, Mata-Martínez C, Santos A, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. A proof of concept study. EClinicalMedicine 2020;25:100454-100462.
54. Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B, Słowik A. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J Neural Transm 2014;121:1387-1397.
55. Beyer L, Günther R, Koch JC, Klebe S, Hagenacker T, Lingor P, et al. TDP‐43 as structure‐based biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021;8:271-277.
56. Mejzini R, Flynn LL, Pitout IL, Fletcher S, Wilton SD, Akkari PA. ALS genetics, mechanisms, and therapeutics: Where are we now? Fronti Neurosci 2019;13:1310-1336.
57. Le Gall L, Anakor E, Connolly O, Vijayakumar UG, Duddy WJ, Duguez S. Molecular and cellular mechanisms affected in ALS. J Pers Med 2020;10:101.
58. Hardiman O, Al-Chalabi A, Chio A, Corr EM, Logroscino G, Robberecht W, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Dis primers 2017;3:1-19.
59. Mitsumoto H, Brooks BR, Silani V. Clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Why so many negative trials and how can trials be improved? Lancet Neurol 2014;13:1127-1138.
60. Lacomblez L, Bensimon G, Leigh PN, Guillet P, Meininger V. Dose-ranging study of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Riluzole Study Group II. Lancet 1996;347:1425-1431.
61. Okada M, Yamashita S, Ueyama H, Ishizaki M, Maeda Y, Ando Y. Long-term effects of edaravone on survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. eNeurologicalSci 2018;11:11-4.
62. Quarracino C, Bendersky M, Rey R, Rodríguez G. Logistics and safety of edaravone treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Experience in Argentina. Acta Neurol Belg 2021;121:1519-1523.
63. Park J-M, Kim S-Y, Park D, Park J-S. Effect of edaravone therapy in Korean amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Neurol Sci 2020;41:119-23.
64. Lunetta C, Moglia C, Lizio A, Caponnetto C, Dubbioso R, Giannini F, et al. The Italian multicenter experience with edaravone in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2020;267:3258-3267.
65. Hansen-Flaschen J. Respiratory care for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the us: In need of support. JAMA Neurol 2021;78:1047-1048.
66. Matuz T, Birbaumer N, Hautzinger M, Kübler A. Psychosocial adjustment to ALS: A longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2015;6:1197-1208.
67. Arbesman M, Lieberman D, Berlanstein DR. Method for the systematic reviews on occupational therapy and neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Occup Ther 2014;68:15-19.
68. Lévêque N. Speech therapy guidelines in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rev Neurol 2006;162:4S269-4S272.
69. Dal Bello-Haas V. Physical therapy for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Current insights. Degener neurol neuromuscul Dis 2018;8:45-54.
70. Henriques A, Pitzer C, Schneider A. Neurotrophic growth factors for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Where do we stand? Front Neurosci 2010:32-45.
71. Benkler C, Offen D, Melamed E, Kupershmidt L, Amit T, Mandel S, et al. Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research: perspectives for personalized clinical application. EPMA J 2010;1:343-361.
72. Golko-Perez S, Mandel S, Amit T, Kupershmidt L, Youdim MB, Weinreb O. Additive neuroprotective effects of the multifunctional iron chelator M30 with enriched diet in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotoxic Res 2016;29:208-217.
73. Zhao C, Zhang C, Zhou S, Xie Y, Wang Y, Huang H, et al. Human mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate the phenotype of SOD1-G93A ALS mice. Cytotherapy 2007;9:414-246.
74. Friedenstein AJ, Gorskaja J, Kulagina N. Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs. Exp Hematol 1976;4:267-274.
75. Bongso A, Lee EH. Stem cells: their definition, classification and sources. Stem Cells: From bench to bedside. 2005;1.
76. Biehl JK, Russell B. Introduction to stem cell therapy. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2009;24:98-107.
77. Sivakumar M, Dineshshankar J, Sunil P, Nirmal RM, Sathiyajeeva J, Saravanan B, et al. Stem cells: An insight into the therapeutic aspects from medical and dental perspectives. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015;7:S361-371.
78. Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z. Stem cells: Past, present, and future. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019;10:1-22.
79. Aboushady IM, Salem ZA, Sabry D, Mohamed A. Comparative study of the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different sources. J clin exp Dent 2018;10:e7-e13.
80. Waldner M, Zhang W, James IB, Allbright K, Havis E, Bliley JM, et al. Characteristics and immunomodulating functions of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells across defined human leukocyte antigen barriers. Front immunol 2018;9:1642-1654.
81. Ukai R, Honmou O, Harada K, Houkin K, Hamada H, Kocsis JD. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from peripheral blood protects against ischemia. J Neurotrauma 2007;24:508-520.
82. Navas A, Magaña-Guerrero FS, Domínguez-López A, Chávez-García C, Partido G, Graue-Hernández EO, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells and their potential in corneal repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018;7:906-917.
83. Jiang R, Han Z, Zhuo G, Qu X, Li X, Wang X, et al. Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetes: A pilot study. Front Med 2011;5:94-100.
84. Farkhad NK, Reihani H, Moghadam AA, Moghadam AB, Tavakol-Afshari J. Are mesenchymal stem cells able to manage cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients? A review of recent studies. Regen Ther 2021;18:152-160.
85. Liu X, Zheng P, Wang X, Dai G, Cheng H, Zhang Z, et al. A preliminary evaluation of efficacy and safety of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014;5:1-9.
86. Shetty AK. Mesenchymal stem cell infusion shows promise for combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia. Aging Dis 2020;11:462-464.
87. Kaffash Farkhad N, Sedaghat A, Reihani H, Adhami Moghadam A, Bagheri Moghadam A, Khadem Ghaebi N, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for COVID-19-induced ARDS patients: A successful phase 1, control-placebo group, clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022;13:1-13.
88. Farkhad NK, Mahmoudi A, Mahdipour E. Regenerative therapy by using mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in COVID-19 treatment. The potential role and underlying mechanisms. Regen Ther 2022;20:61-71.
89. Farkhad NK, Sedaghat A, Reihani H, Moghadam AA, Moghadam AB, Ghaebi NK, et al. Specific clinical and immunological changes following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in COVID-19–induced acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A phase-I clinical trial. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022;21:1-17.
90. Chakari-Khiavi F, Dolati S, Chakari-Khiavi A, Abbaszadeh H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Pourlak T, et al. Prospects for the application of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Life Sci 2019;231:116564-116564.
91. Nakamura K, Mieda T, Suto N, Matsuura S, Hirai H. Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapeutic tool for spinocerebellar ataxia. Cerebellum 2015;14:165-170.
92. Venkataramana NK, Kumar SK, Balaraju S, Radhakrishnan RC, Bansal A, Dixit A, et al. Open-labeled study of unilateral autologous bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in Parkinson’s disease. Transl Res 2010;155:62-70.
93. Wei X, Yang X, Han Z-p, Qu F-f, Shao L, Shi Y-f. Mesenchymal stem cells: a new trend for cell therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013;34:747-754.
94. Nardi NB, Meirelles L. Mesenchymal stem cells: Isolation, in vitro expansion and characterization. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2006;174:249-82.
95. Sykova E, Cizkova D, Kubinova S. Mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021;9:695900-695916.
96. Soleymaninejadian E, Pramanik K, Samadian E. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells: Cytokines and factors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012;67:1-8.
97. Kim HJ, Park J-S. Usage of human mesenchymal stem cells in cell-based therapy: Advantages and disadvantages. Dev reprod 2017;21:1-10.
98. Bonafede R, Mariotti R. ALS pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches: the role of mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Neurosci 2017;11:80-95.
99. Faghihi F, Mirzaei E, Ai J, Lotfi A, Sayahpour FA, Barough SE, et al. Differentiation potential of human chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells into motor neuron-like cells in two-and three-dimensional culture systems. Mol Neurobiol 2016;53:1862-1872.
100. Lewis CM, Suzuki M. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014;5:1-10.
101. Syková E, Rychmach P, Drahorádová I, Konrádová Š, Růžičková K, Voříšek I, et al. Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Results of phase I/IIa clinical trial. Cell Transplant 2017;26:647-58.
102. Wu Y, Chen L, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound healing through differentiation and angiogenesis. Stem Cells 2007;25:2648-2659.
103. Suzuki M, McHugh J, Tork C, Shelley B, Hayes A, Bellantuono I, et al. Direct muscle delivery of GDNF with human mesenchymal stem cells improves motor neuron survival and function in a rat model of familial ALS. Mol Ther 2008;16:2002-2010.
104. Forostyak S, Jendelova P, Kapcalova M, Arboleda D, Sykova E. Mesenchymal stromal cells prolong the lifespan in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cytotherapy 2011;13:1036-1046.
105. Uccelli A, Milanese M, Principato MC, Morando S, Bonifacino T, Vergani L, et al. Intravenous mesenchymal stem cells improve survival and motor function in experimental amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Med 2012;18:794-804.
106. Barczewska M, Grudniak M, Maksymowicz S, Siwek T, Ołdak T, Jezierska-Woźniak K, et al. Safety of intrathecal injection of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy. Neural Regen Res 2019;14:313-318.
107. Boucherie C, Schäfer S, Lavand’homme P, Maloteaux JM, Hermans E. Chimerization of astroglial population in the lumbar spinal cord after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation prolongs survival in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2009;87:2034-2046.
108. Kim H, Kim HY, Choi MR, Hwang S, Nam K-H, Kim H-C, et al. Dose-dependent efficacy of ALS-human mesenchymal stem cells transplantation into cisterna magna in SOD1-G93A ALS mice. Neurosci Lett 2010;468:190-194.
109. Zhou C, Zhang C, Zhao R, Chi S, Ge P, Zhang C. Human marrow stromal cells reduce microglial activation to protect motor neurons in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflamm 2013;10:1-11.
110. Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapeutic approach for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Stem Cells Int 2019;2019:3675627.
111. Mazzini L, Fagioli F, Boccaletti R, Mareschi K, Oliveri G, Olivieri C, et al. Stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a methodological approach in humans. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 2003;4:158-161.
112. Mazzini L, Mareschi K, Ferrero I, Vassallo E, Oliveri G, Boccaletti R, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Res 2006;28:523-526.
113. Mazzini L, Mareschi K, Ferrero I, Miglioretti M, Stecco A, Servo S, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A long-term safety study. Cytotherapy 2012;14:56-60.
114. Karussis D, Karageorgiou C, Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Gowda-Kurkalli B, Gomori JM, Kassis I, et al. Safety and immunological effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2010;67:1187-1194.
115. Oh K-W, Moon C, Kim HY, Oh S-i, Park J, Lee JH, et al. Phase I trial of repeated intrathecal autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015;4:590-597.
116. Oh KW, Noh MY, Kwon MS, Kim HY, Oh Si, Park J, et al. Repeated intrathecal mesenchymal stem cells for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Annals Neurol 2018;84:361-373.
117. Siwek T, Barczewska M, Sowa M, Jezierska-Wozniak K, Wojtkiewicz J, Maksymowicz W. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Is there a responder population? J Neurol Neurosci 2018;9:1-6.
118. Siwek T, Jezierska-Woźniak K, Maksymowicz S, Barczewska M, Sowa M, Badowska W, et al. Repeat administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:e927484.
119. Staff NP, Madigan NN, Morris J, Jentoft M, Sorenson EJ, Butler G, et al. Safety of intrathecal autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with ALS. Neurology 2016;87:2230-2234.
120. Prabhakar S, Marwaha N, Lal V, Sharma RR, Rajan R, Khandelwal N. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study. Neurol India 2012;60:465-469.
121. Mazzini L, Ferrero I, Luparello V, Rustichelli D, Gunetti M, Mareschi K, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A phase I clinical trial. Exp Neurol 2010;223:229-237.

آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,053
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,240