Aithal BK, Kumar MS, Rao BN, Udupa N,
Eizadifard et al.
AJP, Vol. 11, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2021 326
Rao BS. 2009. Juglone, a naphthoquinone
from walnut, exerts cytotoxic and
genotoxic effects against cultured
melanoma tumor cells. Cell Biol Int, 33:
1039-1049.
Amiri H. 2014. Chemical composition and
antioxidant activity of essential oil and
methanolic extracts of Ferula microcolea
(Boiss.) Boiss (Apiaceae). Int J Food
Prop, 17: 722-730.
Aras B, Yerlikaya A. 2016. Bortezomib and
etoposide combinations exert synergistic
effects on the human prostate cancer cell
line PC-3. Oncol Lett, 11: 3179-3184.
Aryal S, Baniya MK, Danekhu K, Kunwar P,
Gurung R, Koirala N. 2019. Total
phenolic content, flavonoid content and
antioxidant potential of wild vegetables
from Western Nepal. Plants (Basel), 8:
96.
Bagheri SM, Dashti-R MH. 2015. Influence of
asafoetida on prevention and treatment of
memory impairment induced by dgalactose and NaNO2 in mice. Am J
Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 30: 607-
612.
Baldo BA, Pham NH. 2013. Adverse reactions
to targeted and non-targeted
chemotherapeutic drugs with emphasis on
hypersensitivity responses and the
invasive metastatic switch. Cancer
Metastasis Rev, 32: 723-761.
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL,
Torre LA, Jemal A. 2018. Global cancer
statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of
incidence and mortality worldwide for 36
cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J
Clin, 68: 394-424.
Cea GF, Etcheberry KF, Dulout FN. 1983.
Induction of micronuclei in mouse bonemarrow cells by the flavonoid 5, 3′, 4′-
trihydroxy-3, 6, 7, 8-tetramethoxyflavone (THTMF). Mutat Res Lett, 119:
339-342.
Dehghan G, Shafiee A, Ghahremani MH,
Ardestani SK, Abdollahi M. 2007.
Antioxidant potential of various extracts
from Ferula szovitsiana. in relation to
their phenolic content. Pharm Biol, 45:
691-699.
Ebrahimzadeh M, Nabavi S, Nabavi S,
Dehpour A. 2011. Antioxidant activity of
hydroalcholic extract of Ferula gummosa
Boiss roots. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,
15: 658-664.
Fayaz F, Rahmati Roodsari S, Gachkar L,
Pourkaveh B, Ghasemian Safaei H. 2011.
The antimicrobial activity of Ferula
gummosa on bacterial strains isolated
from patients with gastroenteritis. Iran J
Clin Infect Dis, 6: 21-24.
Fenech M. 2000. The in vitro micronucleus
technique. Mutat Res, 455: 81-95.
Franken NA, Rodermond HM, Stap J,
Haveman J, Van Bree C. 2006.
Clonogenic assay of cells in vitro. Nat
Protoc, 1: 2315-2319.
Gharaei R, Akrami H, Heidari S, Asadi MH,
Jalili A. 2013. The suppression effect of
Ferula gummosa Boiss. extracts on cell
proliferation through apoptosis induction
in gastric cancer cell line. Eur J Integr
Med, 5: 241-247.
Ghorbani A, Mohebbati R, Jafarian AH,
Vahedi MM, Hosseini SM, Soukhtanloo
M, Sadeghnia HR. 2016. Toxicity
evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of
Ferula gummosa root. Regu Toxicol
Pharmacol, 77: 35-41.
Grada A, Otero-Vinas M, Prieto-Castrillo F,
Obagi Z, Falanga V. 2017. Research
techniques made simple: analysis of
collective cell migration using the wound
healing assay. J Invest Dermatol, 137:
e11-e16.
Gudarzi H, Salimi M, Irian S, Amanzadeh A,
Mostafapour Kandelous H, Azadmanesh
K, Salimi M. 2015. Ethanolic extract of
Ferula gummosa is cytotoxic against
cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and
cell cycle arrest. Nat Prod Res, 29: 546-
550.
Hosseini A, Bakhtiari E, Rad AK, Shahraki S,
Mousavi SH, Havakhah S, Amiri MS.
2017. The evaluation and comparing of
cytotoxic effects of Ferula gummosa gum,
Scutellaria lindbergii, Kelussia
odoratissima and Artemisia
kopetdaghensis extracts on ACHN cell
line. Iran J Pharm Sci, 16: 1104-1112.
Hosseini A, Ghorbani A. 2015. Cancer therapy
with phytochemicals: evidence from
clinical studies. Avicenna J Phytomed, 5:
84-97.
Kamalidehghan B, Ghafouri-Fard S,
Motevaseli E, Ahmadipour F. 2018.
Inhibition of human prostate cancer (PC3) cells and targeting of PC-3-derived
prostate cancer stem cells with
koenimbin, a natural dietary compound
Cytotoxic properties of Ferula gummosa gum on PC-3 cells
AJP, Vol. 11, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2021 327
from Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng. Drug
Des Devel Ther, 12: 1119-1133.
Kooti W, Daraei N. 2017. A review of the
antioxidant activity of celery (Apium
graveolens L). Evid Based Complement
Alternat Med, 22: 1029-1034.
Liu RH. 2004. Potential synergy of
phytochemicals in cancer prevention:
mechanism of action. Nutr J, 134: 3479S3485S.
Mohadjerani M. 2012. Antioxidant activity
and total phenolic content of Nerium
oleander L. grown in North of Iran. Iran J
Pharm Res, 11: 1121-1126.
Mahboubi M. 2016. Ferula gummosa, a
traditional medicine with novel
applications. J Diet Suppl, 13: 700-718.
Mandegary A, Sayyah M, Heidari MR. 2004.
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory
activity of the seed and root extracts of
Ferula gummosa Boiss in mice and rats.
DARU, 12: 58-62.
Mans DR, Da Rocha AB, Schwartsmann G.
2000. Anti‐cancer drug discovery and
development in Brazil: targeted plant
collection as a rational strategy to acquire
candidate anti‐cancer compounds.
Oncologist, 5: 185-198.
Mohammadhosseini M, Venditti A, Sarker SD,
Nahar L, Akbarzadeh A. 2019. The genus
Ferula: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and
bioactivities–A review. Ind Crops Prod,
129: 350-394.
Naeimi A, Tafrihi M, Mohadjerani M.
Antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of
the methanolic extract of Teucrium
persicum Boiss. in A-375 melanoma cells.
Avicenna J Phytomed, 12: 185-196.
Najafi S, Mir N, Shafeghat M. 2016.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of
six medicinally important species of the
genus salvia from North East of Iran. J
Genet Resour, 2: 41-47.
Najafabadi AS, Naghavi MR. 2018. Mining
Ferula gummosa transcriptome to identify
miRNAs involved in the regulation and
biosynthesis of terpenes. Gene, 645: 41-
47.
Oyeyemi IT, Yekeen OM, Odusina PO,
Ologun TM, Ogbaide OM, Olaleye OI,
Bakare AA. 2015. Genotoxicity and
antigenotoxicity study of aqueous and
hydro-methanol extracts of Spondias
mombin L., Nymphaea lotus L. and Luffa
cylindrical L. using animal bioassays.
Interdiscip Toxicol, 8: 184-192.
Rawla P. 2019. Epidemiology of prostate
cancer. World J Clin Oncol, 10: 63-89.
Rockwell S, Dobrucki IT, Kim EY, Marrison
ST, Vu VT. 2009. Hypoxia and radiation
therapy: past history, ongoing research,
and future promise. Curr Mol Med, 9:
442-458.
Sahebkar A, Iranshahi M. 2010. Biological
activities of essential oils from the genus
Ferula (Apiaceae). Asian Biomed, 4: 835-
847.
Singleton VL, Rossi JA. 1965. Colorimetry of
total phenolics with phosphomolybdicphosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol
Vitic, 16: 144-158.
Sun Y, Li X, Jiang W, Fan Y, Ouyang Q, Shao
W, Ma G. 2021. Advanced paternal age
and risk of cancer in offspring. Aging
(Albany NY), 13: 3712-3725.
Tungmunnithum D, Thongboonyou A,
Pholboon A, Yangsabai A. 2018.
Flavonoids and other phenolic
compounds from medicinal plants for
pharmaceutical and medical aspects: An
overview. Medicines (Basel), 5: 93.
Utegenova GA, Pallister KB, Kushnarenko
SV, Özek G,
Özek T, Abidkulova KT, Kirpotina LN,
Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT, Voyich JM.
2018. Chemical composition and
antibacterial activity of essential oils from
Ferula L. species against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Molecules, 23: 1679.
Walsh JG, Cullen SP, Sheridan C, Lüthi AU,
Gerner C, Martin SJ. 2008. Executioner
caspase-3 and caspase-7 are functionally
distinct proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA, 105: 12815-12819.
Wright BS, Bansal A, Moriarity DM, Takaku
S, Setzer WN. 2007. Cytotoxic leaf
essential oils from Neotropical Lauraceae:
Synergistic effects of essential oil
components. Nat Prod Commun, 2: 1241-
1244.
Znati M, Ben Jannet H, Cazaux S, Souchard
JP, Harzallah Skhiri F, Bouajila J. 2014.
Antioxidant, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory
and cytotoxic activities of compounds
isolated from the Ferula lutea flowers.
Molecules, 19: 16959-16975.