1- Stone MH, Brucato G. The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime. Amherst, New York:
Prometheus Books; 2019.
2- Decuyper M, De Fruyt F, Buschman J. A five-factor model perspective on psychopathy and comorbid Axis-ΙΙ disorders in a
forensic-psychiatric sample. International Journal of Low and Psychiatry. 2008; 31(5): 394-406.
3- Coid J, Main Y, Simone V, Amanda R, Paul M, Paul B, Traolach B, Rachel J, Michael F, Clyn L, Nicola S, and Robert H.
Psychopathy among prisoners in England and Wales. International Journal of Low and Psychiatry. 2009; 32(3): 1-8.
4- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: Author;
2013.
5- Ashley LD. Psychopathy and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition alternative model of
personality disorder: a synthesis and critique of the emergent literature. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2021; 34(1):64-69.
6- Daniel B, Agata D, Nicole S, Dominic W. Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale (PPTS): Construct Validity of the Instrument
in a Sample of U. S. Prisoners. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018; 9: 1-9.
7- Hare RD. Manual for the Revised Psychopathy checklist, (2nd edition) Toronto, on, Canada: Multi – health system; 2003.
8- Coid J, Main Y, Simone V, Amanda R, Paul M, Paul B, et al. Psychopathy among prisoners in England and Wales. International
Journal of Low and Psychiatry. 2009; 32(3):1-8.
9- Assadi SM, Noroozian M, Pakravannejad M, Yahyazadeh O, Aghayan S, Shariat SV, et al. Psychiatric morbidity among
sentences prisoners: Prevalence study in Iran. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2006; 188(2): 159−164.
10- Ullrich S, Paelecke M, Kahle I, Marneros A. Categorical and dimensional assessment of psychopathy in German offenders.
Prevalence, gender differences and aging. Der Nervenarzt. 2003; 74(11): 1002−1008.

11- Olivier FC, Kostas AF, Randall TS, Henrik A. Psychopathic Personality in the General Population: Differences and
Similarities Across Gender. Journal of Personality Disorder. 2017; 31(1):49-74.
12- Andrade JT. The inclusion of antisocial behavior in the Construct psychopathy: A review of the research. Aggression and
Violent behavior. 2008; 13(4): 328-335.
13- Harpur TJ, Hakstian AR, Hare RD. Factor structure of the Psychopathy Checklist. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology. 1988; 56(5): 741−747.
14- Harpur TJ, Hart SD, Hare RD. Personality of the psychopath. In: Costa Jr PT, Widiger T, editors. Personality disorders and
the five factory model of personality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 1994.
15- Paiva TO, Pasion R, Patrick CJ, Moreira D, Almeida PR, Barbosa F. Further evaluation of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure:
Evidence from community adult and prisoner samples from Portugal. Psychological Assessment.2020; 32(3), e1–e14.
16- Ghaderi D, Borjali A, Bahrami H, Sohrabi F. The study of personality traits and demographic characteristics of prisoners with
psychopathic personality disorder in comparison with ordinary prisoners in sample of Tehran prisoners. Qum University of
Medical Sciences Journal. 2012; 6(2): 24-30.
17- Yimenu Y, Matiwos S, Elias T, Mubarek A, Almaz M, Kristina A. A cross-sectional study of psychopathy and khat abuse
among prisoners in the correctional institution in Jimma, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020; 15(1): e0227405.
18- Wendy Z, Mitch VG, Paul V. Socioeconomic Status and Psychopathic Traits in a Community Sample of Youth. Journal of
Abnormal Child Psychology. 2018; 46:1643–1649.
19- Cirilo HG, José M, Martha F, Juan AV, Héctor LD. Family and socio-demographic risk factors for psychopathy among prison
inmates. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. 2012;4(2): 119-134.
20-Katie D, Daniel B. Psychopathy and criminal behaviour: a psychosocial research perspective. Journal of Criminal Psychology.
2013;3(2):83-107.
21- Felice C, Alan RF, Ilaria R, Donatella LT, Filippo F, Roberto C. Female Residents with Psychopathy in a High-Security Italian
Hospital. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2018; 46:171–78.
22- Stephen DB, Stephany MM, Emily AD, Christopher J, Karen F, Alan BS. Psychopathy in the Medical Emergency
Department. Journal of Personality Disorder. 2017;32(4):482-496.
23- Nicolás IM, María-Elena MM, Rebeca RG, Eduardo M, Francisco J, Carlos-Alfonso TZ, Cosette R, et al. Psychopathic
Disorder Subtypes Based on Temperament and Character Differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health. 2019;16(23):47-61.
24- Matthew PK, Brittany LS, Robert DD. Primary psychopathy and alcohol pathology in college students: The role of protective
behavioral strategies, The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2017; 43(6):719-726.
DOI:10.1080/00952990.2016.1278222
25- Kimonis ER, Tatar II JR, Cauffman E. Substance-related disorders among juvenile offenders: What role do psy-chopathic
traits play? Psychol Addict Behav 2012;26:212.
26- Lee Y, Kim J. Psychopathic traits and different types of criminal behavior: An assessment of direct effects and mediating
processes. Journal of Criminal Justice. 2020; in press.
27- Flórez G, Ferrer V, García L, Crespo MR, Pérez M, Saiz PA. Personality disorders, addictions and psychopathy as predictors
of criminal behaviour in a prison sample. Rev Esp Sanid Penit. 2019;21(2):62-79.
28- Hare, RD. The psychopathy checklist. Toronto: Multi-health Systems, 1991.
29- Levenson MR, Kiehl KA, Fitzpatrick, C. M. Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995; 68: 151-158.
30- Miller JD, Gaughan ET, Pryor LR. The Levenson self-report psychopathy scale: An examination of the personality traits and
disorders associated with the LSRP factors. Assessment. 2008; 15(4): 450–463.
31- Ross, S. R., Lutz, C. J., & Bailley, S. E. Psychopathy and the five factor model in a noninstitutionalized sample: A domain
and facet level analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2004; 26(4), 213–223.
32- American Psychological Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington D.C.: American
Psychological Association; 2013.
33- Smith SS, Newman JP. Alcohol and drug abuse-depen-dence disorders in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminal
offenders. J Abnormal Psychol 1990;99:430.
34- Obova L, Finn PR, Rickert ME, Lucas J. Disinhibitory psychopathology and delay discounting in alcohol dependence:
Personality and cognitive correlates. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;17:51–61.
35- Próspero‐Luis J, Moreira PS, Paiva TO, Teixeira CP, Costa P, Almeida PR. Psychopathy, criminal intentions, and abnormal
appraisal of the expected outcomes of theft. Legal and Criminological Psychology 2017; 22(2), 314–331.