Abd Elmonem AT, Khalifa MM, Abdel-Salam
MI. 2018. Nephroprotective role of
naringin against cisplatin-induced
nephrotoxicity. Malaysian J Med Res, 29:
139-147.
Alam F, Kharya AK, Juber A, Khan MI. 2020.
Naringin: sources, chemistry, toxicity,
pharmacokinetics, pharmacological
evidences, molecular docking and cell line
study. Res J Pharm Technol, 13: 2507-
2515.
Aggarwal A, Gaur V, Kumar A. 2010. Nitric
oxide mechanism in the protective effect
of naringin against post-stroke depression
(PSD) in mice. Life Sci, 86: 928-935.
Ahmed S, Khan H, Aschner M, Hasan MM,
Hassan ST. 2019. Therapeutic potential of
naringin in neurological disorders. Food
Chem Toxicol, 132: 110646.
Akintunde JK, Akintola TE, Hammed MO,
Amoo CO, Adegoke AM, Ajisafe LO.
2020. Naringin protects against bisphenolA induced oculopathy as implication of
cataract in hypertensive rat model.
Biomed Pharmacother, 126: 110043.
Alam et al.
AJP, Vol. 12, No. 5, Sep-Oct 2022 470
Alam MA, Subhan N, Rahman MM, Uddin SJ,
Reza HM, Sarker SD. 2014. Effect of
citrus flavonoids, naringin and naringenin,
on metabolic syndrome and their
mechanisms of action. Adv Nutr, 5: 404-
417.
Arafa HM, Abd-Ellah MF, Hafez HF. 2005.
Abatement by naringenin of doxorubicininduced cardiac toxicity in rats. J Egypt
Natl Canc Inst, 17: 291-300.
Badr HM, Ashour AM, El-kott AF.
Hepatoprotective activity of naringin
against acute hepatotoxicity in rats, 25 –
27/4/2009, The 3rd Conference of Basic
Science, Faculty of Science, Elgabel
Algharby University, Libya.
Bai Y, Peng W, Yang C, Zou W, Liu M, Wu H,
Fan L, Li P, Zeng X, Su W. 2020.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of
naringin and active metabolite naringenin
in rats, dogs, humans, and the differences
between species. Front Pharmacol, 11:
364.
Ben-Azu B, Nwoke EE, Aderibigbe AO,
Omogbiya IA, Ajayi AM, Olonode ET,
Umukoro S, Iwalewa EO. 2019. Possible
neuroprotective mechanisms of action
involved in the neurobehavioral property
of naringin in mice.
Biomed Pharmacother, 109: 536-546.
Bhagwat S, Haytowitz DB, Holden JM. 2011.
USDA database for the flavonoid content
of selected foods release 3, pp 159-160.
Beltsville, Department of Agriculture.
Braverman JB. 1949. Citrus Products: chemical
composition and chemical
technology (No. BRA 634.3 (BR 532)),
pp. 112-113, Geneva, Interscience
Publishers Ltd.
Budel RG, da Silva DA, Moreira MP, Dalcin
AJ, da Silva AF, Nazario LR, Majolo JH,
Lopes LQ, Santos RC, Soares FA, da Silva
RS. 2020. Toxicological evaluation of
naringin-loaded nanocapsules in vitro and
in vivo. Colloids Surf B, 188: 110754.
Camargo CA, Gomes-Marcondes MC, Wutzki
NC, Aoyama H. 2012. Naringin inhibits
tumor growth and reduces interleukin-6
and tumor necrosis factor α levels in rats
with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma.
Anticancer Res, 32: 129-133.
Cesari A, Loureiro MV, Vale M, Yslas EI,
Dardanelli M, Marques AC. 2020.
Polycaprolactone microcapsules
containing citric acid and naringin for
plant growth and sustainable agriculture:
physico-chemical properties and release
behavior. Sci Total Environ, 703: 135548.
Chanet A, Milenkovic D, Manach C, Mazur A,
Morand C. 2012. Citrus flavanones: what
is their role in cardiovascular protection?.
J Agric Food Chem, 60: 8809-8822.
Chanet A, Milenkovic D, Deval C, Potier M,
Constans J, Mazur A, Bennetau-Pelissero
C, Morand C, Bérard AM. 2012. Naringin,
the major grapefruit flavonoid, specifically
affects atherosclerosis development in
diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in
mice. J Nutr Biochem, 23: 469-477.
Chen R, Qi QL, Wang MT, Li QY. 2016.
Therapeutic potential of naringin: an
overview. Pharm Biol, 54: 3203-3210.
Choe SC, Kim HS, Jeong TS, Bok SH, Park
YB. 2001. Naringin has an antiatherogenic
effect with the inhibition of intercellular
adhesion molecule-1 in
hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J
Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 38: 947-955.
Choudhury R, Chowrimootoo G, Srai K,
Debnam E, Rice-Evans CA. 1999.
Interactions of the flavonoid naringenin in
the gastrointestinal tract and the influence
of glycosylation. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun, 265: 410-415.
Chtourou Y, Aouey B, Aroui S, Kebieche M,
Fetoui H. 2016. Anti-apoptotic and antiinflammatory effects of naringin on
cisplatin-induced renal injury in the rat.
Chem Biol Interact, 243: 1-9.
Cook NC, Samman S. 1996. Flavonoids—
chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective
effects, and dietary sources. J Nutr
Biochem, 7: 66-76.
Croft KD. 1998. The chemistry and biological
effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids A.
Ann N Y Acad Sci, 854: 435-442.
Defaei M, Taheri-Kafrani A, Miroliaei M,
Yaghmaei P. 2018. Improvement of
stability and reusability of α-amylase
immobilized on naringin functionalized
magnetic nanoparticles: A robust
nanobiocatalyst. Int J Biol Macromol, 113:
354-360.
Duarte J, Utrilla P, Jimenez J, Tamargo J,
Zarzuelo A. 1993. Vasodilatory effects of
flavonoids in rat aortic smooth muscle.
structure-activity relationships. Gen
Pharmacol, 24: 857-862.
Fang T, Wang Y, Ma Y, Su W, Bai Y, Zhao P.
2006. A rapid LC/MS/MS quantitation
Phytopharmacological use of naringin
AJP, Vol. 12, No. 5, Sep-Oct 2022 471
assay for naringin and its two metabolites in
rats plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 40: 454-
459.
Felgines C, Texier O, Morand C, Manach C,
Scalbert A, Régerat F, Rémésy C. 2000.
Bioavailability of the flavanone naringenin
and its glycosides in rats. Am J Physiol
Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 279: G1148-
G1154.
Feng T, Wang K, Liu F, Ye R, Zhu X, Zhuang
H, Xu Z. 2017. Structural characterization
and bioavailability of ternary nanoparticles
consisting of amylose, α-linoleic acid and βlactoglobulin complexed with naringin. Int J
Biol Macromol, 99: 365-374.
Gao S, Li P, Yang H, Fang S, Su W. 2011.
Antitussive effect of naringin on
experimentally induced cough in Guinea
pigs. Planta Med, 77: 16-21.
George MY, Menze ET, Esmat A, Tadros MG,
El-Demerdash E. 2020. Potential
therapeutic antipsychotic effects of naringin
against ketamine-induced deficits in rats:
involvement of akt/gsk-3β and wnt/βcatenin signaling pathways. Life Sci, 249:
117535.
Ghosal K, Ghosh D, Das SK. 2018. Preparation
and evaluation of naringin-loaded
polycaprolactone microspheres based oral
suspension using Box-Behnken design. J
Mol Liq, 256: 49-57.
Gollavilli H, Hegde AR, Managuli RS, Bhaskar
KV, Dengale SJ, Reddy MS, Kalthur G,
Mutalik S. 2020. Naringin nano-ethosomal
novel sunscreen creams: development and
performance evaluation. Colloids Surf B,
193: 111122.
Gorinstein S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M,
Krzeminski R, Gralak M, Jastrzebski Z,
Park YS, Jung ST, Kang SG, Trakhtenberg
S. 2007. Effect of hesperidin and naringin on
the plasma lipid profile and plasma
antioxidant activity in rats fed a
cholesterol‐ containing diet. J Sci Food
Agric, 87: 1257-1262.
Guihua X, Shuyin L, Jinliang G, Wang S. 2016.
Naringin protects ovalbumin-induced
airway inflammation in a mouse model of
asthma. Inflamm, 39: 891-899.
Hackett AM. 1986. The metabolism of
flavonoid compounds in mammals. Prog
Clin Biol Res, 213: 177-194.
Hanasaki Y, Ogawa S, Fukui S. 1994. The
correlation between active oxygens
scavenging and antioxidative effects of
flavonoids. Free Radic Biol Med, 16: 845-
850.
Horowitz RM, Gentili B. 1969. Taste and
structure in phenolic glycosides. J Agric
Food Chem, 17: 696-700.
Hurst WJ, Finley JW, deMan JM. 2018.
Additives and contaminants. InPrinciples
of Food Chemistry, pp. 527-565, Cham,
Springer.
Jabri T, Imran M, Aziz A, Rao K, Kawish M,
Irfan M, Malik MI, Simjee SU, Arfan M,
Shah MR. 2019. Design and synthesis of
mixed micellar system for enhanced
anticancer efficacy of paclitaxel through
its co-delivery with naringin. Drug Dev
Ind Pharm, 45: 703-714.
Jagetia GC, Reddy TK. 2005. Modulation of
radiation-induced alteration in the
antioxidant status of mice by naringin. Life
Sci, 77: 780-794.
Jane JL. 2004. Starch: structure and properties.
InChemical and functional properties of
food saccharides, pp. 82-96, New York,
Springer.
Jeon SM, Bok SH, Jang MK, Kim YH, Nam
KT, Jeong TS, Park YB, Choi MS. 2002.
Comparison of antioxidant effects of
naringin and probucol in cholesterol-fed
rabbits. Clinica Chimica Acta, 317: 181-
190.
Jeon SM, Park YB, Choi MS. 2004.
Antihypercholesterolemic property of
naringin alters plasma and tissue lipids,
cholesterol-regulating enzymes, fecal
sterol and tissue morphology in rabbits.
Clin Nutr, 23: 1025-1034.
Jiao HY, Su WW, Li PB, Liao Y, Zhou Q, Zhu
N, He LL. 2015. Therapeutic effects of
naringin in a guinea pig model of
ovalbumin-induced cough-variant asthma.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 33: 59-65.
Jin Y, Tian T, Ma Y, Xu H, Du Y. 2015.
Simultaneous determination of
ginsenoside Rb1, naringin, ginsenoside
Rb2 and oridonin in rat plasma by LC–
MS/MS and its application to a
pharmacokinetic study after oral
administration of weifuchun tablet. J
Chromatogr B, 1000: 112-119.
Joshi R, Kulkarni YA, Wairkar S. 2018.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and
formulations aspects of naringenin: An
update. Life Sci, 215: 43-56.
Jung UJ, Kim HJ, Lee JS, Lee MK, Kim HO,
Park EJ, Kim HK, Jeong TS, Choi MS.
Alam et al.
AJP, Vol. 12, No. 5, Sep-Oct 2022 472
2003. Naringin supplementation lowers
plasma lipids and enhances erythrocyte
antioxidant enzyme activities in
hypercholesterolemic subjects. Clin Nutr,
22: 561-568.
Kanaze FI, Gabrieli C, Kokkalou E,
Georgarakis M, Niopas I. 2003.
Simultaneous reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatographic
method for the determination of diosmin,
hesperidin and naringin in different citrus
fruit juices and pharmaceutical
formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 33:
243-249.
Kanaze FI, Bounartzi MI, Georgarakis M,
Niopas I. 2007. Pharmacokinetics of the
citrus flavanone aglycones hesperetin and
naringenin after single oral administration
in human subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr, 61:
472-477.
Kandhare AD, Alam J, Patil MV, Sinha A,
Bodhankar SL. 2016. Wound healing
potential of naringin ointment formulation
via regulating the expression of
inflammatory, apoptotic and growth
mediators in experimental rats. Pharm
Biol, 54: 419-432.
Kandhare AD, Raygude KS, Ghosh P, Ghule
AE, Bodhankar SL. 2012. Neuroprotective
effect of naringin by modulation of
endogenous biomarkers in streptozotocin
induced painful diabetic neuropathy.
Fitoterapia, 83: 650-659.
Kawaguchi K, Maruyama H, Hasunuma R,
Kumazawa Y. 2011. Suppression of
inflammatory responses after onset of
collagen-induced arthritis in mice by oral
administration of the citrus flavanone
naringin. Immunopharmacol
Immunotoxicol, 33: 723-729.
Kumar A, Dogra S, Prakash A. 2010. Protective
effect of naringin, a citrus flavonoid,
against colchicine-induced cognitive
dysfunction and oxidative damage in rats.
J Med Food, 13: 976-984.
Li SQ, Dong S, Su ZH, Zhang HW, Peng JB,
Yu CY, Zou ZM. 2013. Comparative
pharmacokinetics of naringin in rat after
oral administration of chaihu-shu-gan-san
aqueous extract and naringin alone.
Metabol, 3: 867-880.
Liu X, Liu M, Mo Y, Peng H, Gong J, Li Z,
Chen J, Xie J. 2016. Naringin ameliorates
cognitive deficits in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci,
19: 417.
Lo Piero AR. 2015. The state of the art in
biosynthesis of anthocyanins and its
regulation in pigmented sweet oranges
[(Citrus sinensis) L. Osbeck]. J Agric Food
Chem, 63: 4031-4041.
Luo YL, Zhang CC, Li PB, Nie YC, Wu H,
Shen JG, Su WW. 2012. Naringin
attenuates enhanced cough, airway
hyperresponsiveness and airway
inflammation in a guinea pig model of
chronic bronchitis induced by cigarette
smoke. Int Immunopharmacol, 13: 301-
307.
Ma G, Zhang L, Sugiura M, Kato M. 2020.
Citrus and health. InThe Genus Citrus, pp.
495-511, Sawston, Woodhead Publishing.
Mamdouh MA, Monira AA. 2004. The
influence of naringin on the oxidative state
of rats with streptozotocin-induced acute
hyperglycaemia. Z Naturforsch C, 59:
726-733.
Martin MJ, Marhuenda E, Perez-Guerrero C,
Franco JM. 1994. Antiulcer effect of
naringin on gastric lesions induced by
ethanol in rats. Pharmacology, 49: 144-
150.
Middleton JE. 1993. The impact of plant
flavonoids on mammalian biology:
implications for immunity, inflammation
and cancer. The Flavonoids: Adva Res Sin,
3: 337-370.
Mohamed EA, Hashim II, Yusif RM, Shaaban
AA, El-Sheakh AR, Hamed MF, Badria
FA. 2018. Polymeric micelles for
potentiated antiulcer and anticancer
activities of naringin. Int J Nanomedicine,
13: 1009.
Mohanty S, Sahoo AK, Konkimalla VB, Pal A,
Si SC. 2020. Naringin in combination with
isothiocyanates as liposomal formulations
potentiates the anti-inflammatory activity
in different acute and chronic animal
models of rheumatoid arthritis. ACS
omega, 5: 28319-28332.
Nie YC, Wu H, Li PB, Luo YL, Long K, Xie
LM, Shen JG, Su WW. 2012. Antiinflammatory effects of naringin in
chronic pulmonary neutrophilic
inflammation in cigarette smoke-exposed
rats. J Med Food, 15: 894-900.
Papasani VM, Hanumantharayappa B,
Annapurna A. 2014. Cardioprotective
effect of naringin against doxorubicin
induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Indo Am
Phytopharmacological use of naringin
AJP, Vol. 12, No. 5, Sep-Oct 2022 473
J Pharm, 4: 2593-2598.
Pleguezuelos-Villa M, Mir-Palomo S, DíezSales O, Buso MO, Sauri AR, Nácher A.
2018. A novel ultradeformable liposomes
of naringin for anti-inflammatory therapy.
Colloids Surf B, 162: 265-270.
Rajadurai M, Prince PS. 2006. Preventive effect
of naringin on lipid peroxides and
antioxidants in isoproterenol-induced
cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: biochemical
and histopathological evidences. Toxicol,
228: 259-268.
Ramakrishnan A, Vijayakumar N, Renuka M.
2016. Naringin regulates glutamate-nitric
oxide cGMP pathway in ammonium
chloride induced neurotoxicity. Biomed
Pharmacother, 84: 1717-1726.
Rangaswami S, Seshadri TR, Veeraraghaviah J.
1939. Constitution of naringin. The
position of the sugar group. J Proc Ind
Acad Sci, 9: 328-332.
Rani N, Bharti S, Manchanda M, Nag TC, Ray
R, Chauhan SS, Kumari S, Arya DS. 2013.
Regulation of heat shock proteins 27 and
70, p-Akt/p-eNOS and MAPKs by
naringin dampens myocardial injury and
dysfunction in vivo after
ischemia/reperfusion. PLoS One, 8:
e82577.
Rao K, Imran M, Jabri T, Ali I, Perveen S,
Ahmed S, Shah MR. 2017. Gum
tragacanth stabilized green gold
nanoparticles as cargos for naringin
loading: a morphological investigation
through afm. Carbohydr Polym, 174: 243-
252.
Ratty AK, Das NP. 1988. Effects of flavonoids
on nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation:
structure-activity relationship. Biochem
Med Metabol Biol, 39: 69-79.
Renugadevi J, Prabu SM. 2009. Naringenin
protects against cadmium-induced
oxidative renal dysfunction in rats.
Toxicol, 256: 128-134.
Rodríguez V, Plavnik L, de Talamoni NT.
2018. Naringin attenuates liver damage in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Biomed Pharmacother, 105: 95-102.
Ross JA, Kasum CM. 2002. Dietary flavonoids:
bioavailability, metabolic effects, and
safety. Annu Rev Nutr, 22: 19-34.
Rotimi SO, Adelani IB, Bankole GE, Rotimi
OA. 2018. Naringin enhances reverse
cholesterol transport in high fat/low
streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Biomed
Pharmacother, 101: 430-437.
Rivoira MA, Rodriguez V, Talamoni G, de
Talamoni NT. 2021. New perspectives in
the pharmacological potential of naringin
in medicine. Curr Med Chem, 28: 1987-
2007.
Shen W, Xu Y, Lu YH. 2012. Inhibitory effects
of citrus flavonoids on starch digestion and
antihyperglycemic effects in hepg2 cells. J
Agric Food Chem, 60: 9609-9619.
Silver HJ, Dietrich MS, Niswender KD. 2011.
Effects of grapefruit, grapefruit juice and
water preloads on energy balance, weight
loss, body composition, and
cardiometabolic risk in free-living obese
adults. Nutr Metab, 8: 8.
Sinclair WB. 1972. The grapefruit: its
composition, physiology & products, pp.
21-22, California, university of California,
agriculture and natural resources.
Singh D, Chopra K. 2004. The effect of
naringin, a bioflavonoid on ischemiareperfusion induced renal injury in rats.
Pharmacol Res, 50: 187-193.
Surampalli GK. Nanjwade B, Patil PA. 2015.
Corroboration of naringin effects on the
intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic
behavior of candesartan cilexetil solid
dispersions using in-situ rat models. Drug
Dev Ind Pharm, 41: 1057-1065.
Thangavel P, Muthu R, Vaiyapuri M. 2012.
Antioxidant potential of naringin–a dietary
flavonoid–in N-nitrosodiethylamine
induced rat liver carcinogenesis. Biomed
Prev Nutr, 2: 193-202.
Tomasik P. 2003. Chemical and functional
properties of food saccharides, pp. 209-
210, Florida, CRC Press.
Tsai YJ, Tsai TH. 2012. Mesenteric lymphatic
absorption and the pharmacokinetics of
naringin and naringenin in the rat. J Agric
Food Chem, 60: 12435-12442.
Visnagri A, Adil M, Kandhare AD, Bodhankar
SL. 2015. Effect of naringin on
hemodynamic changes and left ventricular
function in renal artery occluded
renovascular hypertension in rats. J Pharm
Bioallied Sci, 7: 121.
Wang DM, Yang YJ, Zhang L, Zhang X, Guan
FF, Zhang LF. 2013. Naringin enhances
CaMKII activity and improves long-term
memory in a mouse model of alzheimer’s
disease. Int J Mol Sci, 14: 5576-5586.
Xianchu L, Lan Z, Qiufang L, Yi L,
Xiangcheng R, Wenqi H, Yang D. 2016.
Alam et al.
AJP, Vol. 12, No. 5, Sep-Oct 2022 474
Naringin protects against
lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac injury
in mice. Environ Toxicol Pharm, 48: 1-6.
Yang X, Almassri HN, Zhang Q, Ma Y, Zhang
D, Chen M, Wu X. 2019. Electrosprayed
naringin-loaded microsphere/SAIB hybrid
depots enhance bone formation in a mouse
calvarial defect model. Drug Deliv, 26:
137-146.
Yin L, Cheng W, Qin Z, Yu H, Yu Z, Zhong M,
Sun K, Zhang W. 2015. Effects of naringin
on proliferation and osteogenic
differentiation of human periodontal
ligament stem cells in vitro and in vivo.
Stem Cells Int, 4: 2015.
Zhu J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Feng Y, Shen L.
2020. Formulation, preparation and
evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier
containing naringin and coix seed oil for
anti-tumor application based on
“unification of medicines and excipients”.
Drug Des Devel Ther, 14: 1481.