Thymoquinone: From Nigella sativa to a protective pharmacological compound in managing opioid dependence and amphetamine type stimulant issues | ||
| Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 23، شماره 7، مهر 2020، صفحه 849-852 اصل مقاله (399.87 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Mini Review | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22038/ijbms.2020.41678.9841 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Liyana Hazwani Mohd Adnan* ؛ Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar؛ Nordin Simbak؛ Nasir Mohamad؛ Rusli Ismail؛ Nor Zidah Ahmad؛ Nor Suliana Mustafa؛ Nurul Farah Aina Md Fauzi | ||
| Faculty of Medicine, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, City Campus, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Opioids, amphetamines, and other types of substances have been widely abused around the world. Opioid dependence and tolerance are two distinct phenomena that have been associated with substance abuse issues. The management of its adverse consequences is becoming more challenging. More and more people are treated in Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) program yet the issues are still unresolved. Researchers are continuing to study the best formulation in treating opioid dependent people starting with modern and alternative drug therapies. Since 2008 , thymoquinone (TQ) has been extensively studied by researchers around the world and has emerged to be a new potential drug candidate in managing substance abuse issues. Thus, the aim of this article is to review the effects that TQ may have on opioid dependent subjects and other abused substances such as amphetamine may have been studied. All of the articles from 2008 until 2019 involving the effects of TQ on substance abuse from Google Scholar®, Scopus®, and Pubmed® databases have been searched and reviewed. The keywords used were thymoquinone, opioid dependence, amphetamine, and Nigella sativa. The research results also have been discussed in this article. Based on the research conducted, TQ was effective in reducing the adverse health consequences associated with substance abuse such as withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, and cell damages. It is concluded that TQ could be a potential drug that can be complemented with the currently available drugs in substance abuse therapies. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Amphetamine؛ Methadone؛ Morphine toxicity؛ Opioid dependence syndromes؛ Thymoquinone | ||
| مراجع | ||
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