Introduction
Bibliometric enables us to explore the impact of a specific scientific field. Citation index that is widely accepted as a measurement of recognition is not a real measurement of quality or importance (1).
The evolution of dentistry may be analyzed by citation analysis which uses citation data to assess the impact of studies/articles in this field as illustrated by the number of references a published article receives during a period of time (1). This analysis helps us to identify research trends within the topic and to pinpoint the most frequently occurring parameters such as authors, journals, etc. (2). Authors usually refer to articles as references to their work and to add valid data to the science; so citation rates reflect the impact of an article on the scientific community and not necessarily the quality of that article (3).
Eugene Garfield who is an American scientist pioneer in scientometry catalogued citation classics in 1987 (citations more than 400 or in some cases more than 100) from the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) (4). Since then, this kind of analysis has been done in various fields of medicine such as orthopedics (5), critical care (6), ophthalmology (7), dermatology (8), urology (9), anesthesiology (10), general surgery (11), pain (12), etc. In the field of dentistry, such assessment has been done in periodontology (13), endodontics (14), orthodontics (15), and dental traumatology (16).
An investigation focusing on the most cited articles in dentistry has received little attention. So the aim of this work was to identify the most cited articles in this field published over the last 67 years; and to analyze characteristics such as the number of citations, authors and journals. The results can reveal useful and interesting information about scientific progress in the field of dentistry.
Materials and Methods
To develop the most cited articles in the field of dentistry published between January 1950 and September 2017, the search was performed using Web of Science. The research was confined to dental journals listed in subgroup of "Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine" of Journal Citation Report (JCR).
This search resulted in 3,831 articles with 100 or more citations. These articles were analyzed with regard to the number of citations, authors, and journals.
Results
The first 100 articles with 100 or more citations are presented in descending order according to their citation counts in Table 1.
Sokransky SS followed by Lindhe J, Nyman S, and Genco RJ had the most number of citations (Table 2).
Most of these articles had been published by the Journal of Clinical Periodontology, followed by the Journal of Periodontology and Journal of Dental Research (Table 3).
Table 1. The 100 most-cited articles in dentistry
|
rank
|
Article
|
No. of Citations
|
|
1
|
Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, Smith C, Kent RL. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontal. 1998; 25(2)
|
1853
|
|
2
|
Loe H. Gingival index plaque index and retention index systems. J Periodont. 1967; 38(6P2)
|
1842
|
|
3
|
Loe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodont. 1965; 36(3)
|
1776
|
|
4
|
Donath k, breuner g. A method for the study of undecalcified bones and teeth with attached soft-tissues - the sage-schliff (sawing and grinding) technique. J Oral Pathol Med. 1982;11(4)
|
1262
|
|
5
|
Marx RE. Pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronate (Zometa) induced avascular necrosis of the jaws: A growing epidemic. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003; 61(9)
|
1157
|
|
6
|
Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems And Proposals For Recording Gingivitis And Plaque. International Dental Journal. 1975; 25(4)
|
1146
|
|
7
|
Ruggiero SL, Mehrotra B, Rosenberg TJ, Engroff SL. Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: A review of 63 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004; 62(5)
|
1067
|
|
8
|
Oleary TJ, Naylor JE, Drake RB. Plaque control record. J Periodont. 1972; 43(1)
|
931
|
|
9
|
Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, Inoue S, Vargas M, Vijay P, et al. Buonocore Memorial Lecture - Adhesion to enamel and dentin: Current status and future challenges. Oper Dent. 2003; 28(3)
|
892
|
|
10
|
Gronthos S, Brahim J, Li W, Fisher LW, Cherman N, Boyde A, et al. Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells. J Dent Res. 2002;81(8)
|
865
|
|
11
|
Le Guehennec L, Soueidan A, Layrolle P, Amouriq Y. Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration. Dent Mater. 2007; 23(7)
|
840
|
|
12
|
Houston wjb. The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1983; 83(5)
|
836
|
|
13
|
Warnakulasuriya S. Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol. 2009; 45(4-5)
|
835
|
|
14
|
Buser D, mericskestern R, Bernard JP, Behneke A, Behneke N, Hirt HP, et al. Long-term evaluation of non-submerged ITI implants .1. 8-year life table analysis of a prospective multi-center study with 2359 implants. Clin Oral Implant Res. 1997; 8(3)
|
798
|
|
15
|
Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, Vokonas PS, Offenbacher S. Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodont. 1996;67(10)
|
798
|
|
16
|
Marx RE, Sawatari Y, Fortin M, Broumand V. Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: Risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63(11)
|
782
|
|
17
|
De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Braem M, et al. A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: Methods and results. J Dent Res. 2005;84(2)
|
772
|
|
18
|
Branemark PI. Osseointegration and its experimental background. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50(3)
|
772
|
|
19
|
Gold OG, Jordan HV, Vanhoute J. Selective medium for streptococcus-mutans. Arch Oral Biol. 1973;18(11)
|
755
|
|
20
|
Greene JC, Vermillion JR. Simplified oral hygiene index. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964;68(1)
|
753
|
|
21
|
Feilzer AJ, Degee AJ, davidson cl. Setting stress in composite resin in relation to configuration of the restoration. J Dent Res. 1987;66(11)
|
738
|
|
22
|
Marx RE. Platelet-rich plasma: Evidence to support its use. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62(4)
|
728
|
|
23
|
Turesky S, gilmore ND, glickman Ii. Reduced plaque formation by chloromethyl analogue of victamine-c. J Periodont. 1970;41(1)
|
724
|
|
24
|
Slots J, genco RJ. Black-pigmented bacteroides species, capnocytophaga species, and actinobacillus-actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal-disease - virulence factors in colonization, survival, and tissue destruction. J Dent Res. 1984;63(3)
|
721
|
|
25
|
Nyman S, Lindhe J, Karring T, rylander H. New attachment following surgical-treatment of human periodontal-disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1982;9(4)
|
710
|
|
26
|
Zambon JJ. Actinobacillus-actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal-disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12(1)
|
696
|
|
27
|
Slade GD. Derivation and validation of a short-form oral health impact profile. Community Dentist Oral Epidemiol. 1997;25(4)
|
689
|
|
28
|
Guo S, dipietro LA. Factors Affecting Wound Healing. J Dent Res. 2010 Mar;89(3)
|
683
|
|
29
|
Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century - the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dentist Oral Epidemiol. 2003;31
|
683
|
|
30
|
Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal-disease - current concepts. J Periodont. 1992;63(4)
|
680
|
|
31
|
Tanner ACR, Haffer C, Bratthall GT, Visconti RA, Socransky SS. Study of the bacteria associated with advancing periodontitis in man. J Clin Periodontol. 1979;6(5)
|
674
|
|
32
|
Kornman KS, Crane A, Wang HY, digiovine FS, Newman MG, Pirk FW, et al. The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24(1)
|
672
|
|
33
|
Grossi SG, Zambon JJ, Ho AW, Koch G, Dunford RG, Machtei EE, et al. Assessment of risk for periodontal-disease .1. Risk indicators for attachment loss. J Periodont. 1994;65(3)
|
662
|
|
34
|
Esposito M, Hirsch JM, Lekholm U, Thomsen P. Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants - (II). Etiopathogenesis. Eur J Oral Sci. 1998;106(3)
|
652
|
|
35
|
Jaffin RA, berman CL. The excessive loss of branemark fixtures in type-iv bone - a 5-year analysis. J Periodont. 1991;62(1)
|
642
|
|
36
|
Ainamo Jj, barmes D, beagrie G, cutress T, martin J, sardoinfirri J. Development of the world-health-organization (who) community periodontal index of treatment needs (cpitn). Int Dent J. 1982;32(3)
|
631
|
|
37
|
Quigley GA. Comparative cleansing efficiency of manual and power brushing. J Am Dent Assoc. 1962;65(1)
|
628
|
|
38
|
Araujo MG, Lindhe J. Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(2)
|
623
|
|
39
|
Buser D, Broggini N, Wieland M, Schenk RK, Denzer AJ, Cochran DL, et al. Enhanced bone apposition to a chemically modified SLA titanium surface. J Dent Res. 2004;83(7)
|
623
|
|
40
|
Cawood JI, Howell RA. A classification of the edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988;17(4)
|
621
|
|
41
|
Schropp L, Wenzel A, Kostopoulos L, Karring T. Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: A clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent. 2003;23(4)
|
617
|
|
42
|
Esposito M, Hirsch JM, Lekholm U, Thomsen P. Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants (I). Success criteria and epidemiology. Eur J Oral Sci. 1998;106(1)
|
611
|
|
43
|
Huang GTJ, Gronthos S, Shi S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Dental Tissues vs. Those from Other Sources: Their Biology and Role in Regenerative Medicine. J Dent Res. 2009;88(9)
|
610
|
|
44
|
Corah NL. Development of a dental anxiety scale. J Dent Res. 1969;48(4)
|
606
|
|
45
|
Offenbacher S, Katz V, Fertik G, Collins J, Boyd D, Maynor G, et al. Periodontal infection as a possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight. J Periodont. 1996;67(10)
|
601
|
|
46
|
Sjogren U, Hagglund B, Sundqvist G, Wing K. Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment. J Endod. 1990;16(10)
|
599
|
|
47
|
Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Periodontal microbial ecology. Periodontol 2000. 2005 Jun;38
|
589
|
|
48
|
Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater. 2008;24(3)
|
588
|
|
49
|
Gottlow J, Nyman S, Lindhe J, Karring T, Wennstrom J. New attachment formation in the human periodontium by guided tissue regeneration - case-reports. J Clin Periodontol. 1986;13(6)
|
585
|
|
50
|
Hirschfeld L, Wasserman B. Long-term survey of tooth loss in 600 treated periodontal patients. J Periodont. 1978;49(5)
|
581
|
|
51
|
Slots J, Listgarten MA. Bacteroides-gingivalis, bacteroides-intermedius and actinobacillus-actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal-diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1988;15(2)
|
564
|
|
52
|
Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Trevisan M, Zeid M, Genco RJ. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques. J Periodont. 2000;71(10)
|
557
|
|
53
|
Listgarten MA, Hellden L. Relative distribution of bacteria at clinically healthy and periodontally diseased sites in humans. J Clin Periodontol. 1978;5(2)
|
542
|
|
54
|
Slots J. Subgingival Microflora And Periodontal-Disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1979;6(5)
|
540
|
|
55
|
Page RC. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal-disease. J Periodont Res. 1991;26(3)
|
534
|
|
56
|
Eriksson AR, albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue-injury - a vital-microscopic study in the rabbit. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50(1): 101-7
|
529
|
|
57
|
Yoshida Y, Nagakane K, Fukuda R, Nakayama Y, Okazaki M, Shintani H, et al. Comparative study on adhesive performance of functional monomers. J Dent Res. 2004;83(6)
|
517
|
|
58
|
Tallgren A. Continuing reduction of residual alveolar ridges in complete denture wearers - mixed-longitudinal study covering 25 years. J Prosthet Dent. 1972;27(2)
|
517
|
|
59
|
Humphrey SP, Williamson RT. A review of saliva: Normal composition, flow, and function. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85(2)
|
516
|
|
60
|
Torabinejad M, Hong CU, mcdonald F, ford trp. Physical and chemical-properties of a new root-end filling material. J Endod. 1995;21(7)
|
516
|
|
61
|
Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Assael LA, Landesberg R, Marx RE, Mehrotra B. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Position Paper on Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws-2009 Update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 ;67(5)
|
514
|
|
62
|
Marx RE. Osteoradionecrosis - a new concept of its patho-physiology. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1983;41(5)
|
511
|
|
63
|
Melcher AH. Repair potential of periodontal tissues. J periodont. 1976;47(5)
|
506
|
|
64
|
Davidson CL, Degee AJ, Feilzer A. The competition between the composite-dentin bond strength and the polymerization contraction stress. J Dent Res. 1984;63(12)
|
505
|
|
65
|
Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, Genco RJ, Surveillance CDCPD. Prevalence of Periodontitis in Adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010. J Dent Res. 2012; 91(10)
|
504
|
|
66
|
Dzink JL, Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. The predominant cultivable microbiota of active and inactive lesions of destructive periodontal-diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1988;15(5)
|
503
|
|
67
|
Gottlow j, Nyman S, Karring T, Lindhe J. New attachment formation as the result of controlled tissue regeneration. J Clin Periodontol. 1984;11(8)
|
501
|
|
68
|
Laskin DM. Etiology of pain-dysfunction syndrome. J am dent assoc. 1969;79(1)
|
500
|
|
69
|
Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Oral implant surfaces: Part 1 - Review focusing on topographic and chemical properties of different surfaces and in vivo responses to them. Int J Prosthodont. 2004;17(5)
|
499
|
|
70
|
Berglundh T, Persson L, Klinge B. A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29
|
495
|
|
71
|
Sano H, Shono T, Sonoda H, Takatsu T, Ciucchi B, Carvalho R, et al. Relationship between surface-area for adhesion and tensile bond strength - evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test. Dent Mater. 1994;10(4)
|
495
|
|
72
|
Nyman S, Gottlow J, Karring T, Llindhe J. The regenerative potential of the periodontal-ligament - an experimental-study in the monkey. J Clin pPeriodontol. 1982;9(3)
|
495
|
|
73
|
Dworkin SF, Huggins KH, Leresche L, Vonkorff M, Howard J, Truelove E, et al. Epidemiology of signs and symptoms in temporomandibular disorders - clinical signs in cases and controls. J Am Dent Assoc. 1990;120(3)
|
490
|
|
74
|
Sjogren U, Figdor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G. Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J. 1997;30(5)
|
486
|
|
75
|
Page RC, Eke PI. Case definitions for use in population - Based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodont. 2007;78(7)
|
483
|
|
76
|
Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T. Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implant Res. 2009;20
|
478
|
|
77
|
Buser D, Bragger U, Lang NP, Nyman S. Regeneration and enlargement of jaw bone using guided tissue regeneration. Clin Oral Implant Res. 1990;1(1)
|
476
|
|
78
|
Quirynen M, Bollen CML. The influence of surface-roughness and surface-free energy on supragingival and subgingival plaque-formation in man - a review of the literature. J Clin Periodontol. 1995; 22(1)
|
474
|
|
79
|
Urist MR, Strates BS. Bone morphogenetic protein. J Dent Res. 1971; 50(6)
|
474
|
|
80
|
Pashley DH, Tay FR, Yiu C, Hashimoto M, Breschi L, Carvalho RM, et al. Collagen degradation by host-derived enzymes during aging. J Dent Res. 2004; 83(3)
|
469
|
|
81
|
Hammarstrom L. Enamel matrix, cementum development and regeneration. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24(9)
|
469
|
|
82
|
Downs WB. Variations in facial relationships - their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1948; 34(10)
|
469
|
|
83
|
Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Ruggeri A, Cadenaro M, Di Lenarda R, Dorigo ED. Dental adhesion review: Aging and stability of the bonded interface. Dent Mater. 2008; 24(1)
|
456
|
|
84
|
Johnston WM, Kao EC. Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res. 1989; 68(5)
|
455
|
|
85
|
Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 1999; 25(3)
|
454
|
|
86
|
Socransky SS. Microbiology of periodontal-disease - present status and future considerations. J Periodont. 1977; 48(9)
|
454
|
|
87
|
Buser D, Weber HP, Lang NP. Tissue integration of non-submerged implants 1-year results of a prospective study with 100 ITI hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants. Clin Oral Implant Res. 1990; 1(1)
|
449
|
|
88
|
Artun J, Bergland S. Clinical-trials with crystal-growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1984; 85(4)
|
448
|
|
89
|
Grossi SG, Genco RJ, Machtei EE, Ho AW, Koch G, Dunford R, et al. Assessment of risk for periodontal-disease .2. Risk indicators for alveolar bone loss. J Periodont. 1995;66(1)
|
446
|
|
90
|
Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy .2. Severely advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1984;11(1)
|
446
|
|
91
|
Lindhe J, Meyle J, European Workshop P. Peri-implant diseases: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2008; 35
|
442
|
|
92
|
Steiner CC. Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod DentoFac Orthop. 1953; 39(10)
|
442
|
|
93
|
Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32(5)
|
440
|
|
94
|
Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: The monomer systems. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105(2)
|
439
|
|
95
|
Vanmeerbeek B, Iinokoshi S, Braem M, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. Morphological aspects of the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone with different dentin adhesive systems. J Dent rRes. 1992; 71(8)
|
438
|
|
96
|
Slots J, Bragd L, Wikstrom M, Dahlen G. The occurrence of actinobacillus-actinomycetemcomitans, bacteroides-gingivalis and bacteroides-intermedius in destructive periodontal-disease in adults. J Clin Periodontol. 1986; 13(6)
|
438
|
|
97
|
Loe H, Anerud A, Boysen H, Morrison E. Natural-history of periodontal-disease in man - rapid, moderate and no loss of attachment in sri-lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age. J Clin Periodontol. 1986; 13(5)
|
436
|
|
98
|
Goodson JM, Tanner ACR, Haffajee AD, Sornberger GC, Socransky SS. Patterns of progression and regression of advanced destructive periodontal-disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1982;9(6)
|
433
|
|
99
|
Wilson AD, Kent BE. New translucent cement for dentistry - glass ionomer cement. Br Dent J. 1972; 132(4)
|
431
|
|
100
|
Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the implant-tissue interface using resonance frequency analysis. Clin Oral Implant Res. 1996; 7(3)
|
429
|
Table 2. Journals in which most-cited articles were published
|
Journal name
|
Number of articles
|
|
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|
21
|
|
Journal of Periodontology
|
15
|
|
Journal of Dental Research
|
15
|
|
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|
6
|
|
Clinical Oral Implants Research
|
5
|
|
Journal of Endodontics
|
4
|
|
Dental Materials Journal
|
4
|
|
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
|
4
|
|
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
(Previous name: American Journal of Orthodontics)
|
4
|
|
Journal of the American Dental Association
|
4
|
|
European Journal of Oral Science
|
3
|
|
International Dental Journal
|
2
|
|
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
|
2
|
|
Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine
|
1
|
|
Operative Dentistry
|
1
|
|
Oral Oncology
|
1
|
|
International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry
|
1
|
|
Periodontology 2000
|
1
|
|
Archives of Oral Biology
|
1
|
|
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|
1
|
|
Journal of Periodontal Research
|
1
|
|
International Journal of Prosthodontics
|
1
|
|
International Endodontic Journal
|
1
|
|
British Dental Journal
|
1
|
Table 3. Authors of the 100 most-cited articles (including all coauthors of an article)
|
No. of Citations
|
Article
|
Rank
|
|
7
|
Socransky SS
|
1
|
|
6
|
Lindhe J, Nyman S, Genco RJ
|
2
|
|
5
|
Haffajee AD, Karring T, Marx RE, Zambon JJ
|
3
|
|
4
|
Buser D, Slots J
|
4
|
|
3
|
Lang NP, De Munck J, Loe H, Lambrechts P, Albrektsson T, Van Meerbeek B, Gottlow J
|
5
|
|
2
|
Carvalho R, Ainamo J, Mehrotra B, Ruggiero SL, Gronthos S, Van Landuyt K, Inoue S, Offenbacher S, Ho AW, Koch G, Dunford R, Machtei EE, Grossi SG, Vanherle G, Braem M, Tanner ACR, Beck J, Sundqvist G, Davidson CL, Feilzer A, Degee AJ, Pashley DH, Page RC, Thomsen P, Esposito M, Hirsch JM, Lekholm U, Sjogren U, Eke PI, Wennerberg A, Breschi L, Torabinejad M, Yoshida Y, Listgarten MA, Shi S
|
6
|
|
1
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Discussion
If an article has greater value compared to others, it has usually been cited in subsequent manuscripts relating its topic. In this way, the number of citations of a prestigious article is increased. Tracking the number of citations can be achieved by various databases such as ISI web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, etc (10, 17-22). The main aim of this study was to find and evaluate related journals and articles to the field of dentistry. Analysis of these articles provides a historical perspective on scientific progress in the field of dentistry.
The mean citation in the field of dentistry is lower than those observed in some medical fields. This is possibly because the field of dentistry is more limited than the field of medicine and fewer works have been done on it.
Sokransky is the scientist with the highest number of prestigious articles in the field. His field of interest is microbiology in periodontics.
There are some limitations in this type of study that should be recognized. One limitation is regarding those related to self-citations, or articles from the journals publishing their own works. Another limitation is that older articles and older journals are favored. More time can result in more citations, so a new work with high citation may be considered as a high-quality work comparing a very old work with the same number of citations. This emphasizes on the effect of time on assessing citations (11, 14, 18).
A potential benefit of this paper may also be to identify classic studies with high impact in the field of dentistry to be included in courses. It seems that more works would be expected in this field.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Vice Chancellor for Research of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for their financial support (the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (910694) received by Dr. Hamid Jafarzadeh).
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